Those early weeks of parenthood can already feel like a lot to navigate, so it’s understandable if vaccinations bring up some additional worries.
Knowing what to expect can help you feel more prepared, so let’s look at why vaccinations matter, what happens at the appointments and how you can support your baby, and yourself along the way.
Why are childhood vaccinations important?
Babies are particularly vulnerable to certain infections because their immune systems are still developing. Vaccinations help their bodies learn to recognise and fight specific infections, providing protection without them having to experience the potentially serious consequences of the diseases themselves.
The childhood vaccination programme protects against illnesses including whooping cough, meningococcal disease and measles, which can cause serious complications in young children. The vaccines are offered at particular ages to provide protection when babies need it most, which is why the appointments begin so early.
Vaccination also helps protect people around your child. When more people are protected against an infection, it becomes harder for that infection to spread, helping reduce the risk for those who are too young to be vaccinated or who may not develop full protection themselves.
Vaccines used in the UK are carefully assessed for safety and effectiveness, and their safety continues to be monitored. Like any medicine they can cause side effects, but these are generally mild and short lived. The infections they protect against can be much more serious, which is why keeping up to date with your child’s vaccinations is so important.
What if I have worries about vaccinations?
It’s natural to want to understand the decisions you’re making for your child and you shouldn’t feel embarrassed about asking questions. There’s a great deal of information online, but personal experiences and claims shared on social media don’t always reflect the best available scientific evidence.
One concern that has caused particular anxiety is the suggestion that the MMR vaccine causes autism. This has been extensively investigated and large studies have found no evidence of a link between the MMR vaccine and autism.
The original research that prompted this concern was discredited and retracted, and the evidence since then has consistently supported the safety of the vaccine.
It’s also understandable to wonder how your baby’s immune system will cope with several vaccines. The routine schedule is carefully designed around the ages when children need protection, and vaccines are assessed for safety and effectiveness. Although side effects can occur, the diseases these vaccines prevent can sometimes cause serious illness and lasting complications.
If something you’ve read has left you worried, speak to your practice nurse or GP. They can talk through your concerns and explain the evidence behind the recommendations. You don’t need to work through conflicting information on your own.
When will my child have their vaccinations?
In England, vaccinations are offered at specific ages to give babies protection as early as possible. The schedule has changed in recent years, including the introduction of the MMRV vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, rubella and chickenpox, and an additional appointment at 18 months for eligible children.
The vaccines offered at each appointment can depend on your child’s date of birth and previous doses, so your GP practice will confirm which vaccinations are due. You can also check the latest UKHSA childhood immunisation schedule.
If your child has missed an appointment, try not to worry. Contact your GP practice to arrange any outstanding vaccinations and discuss the best way to get their protection back on track.
How can I prepare for the appointment?
A little preparation can make the day feel easier, particularly if you’re taking a young baby who is feeding frequently or still settling into a routine.
Choose clothing that allows the nurse to access your baby’s thighs easily, as several of the early vaccinations are given into the muscle in the thigh. It’s also helpful to pack anything you might need for a feed, along with a spare nappy and change of clothes, and allow enough time to get there without feeling rushed.
If you’re worried about how you’ll feel, consider asking your partner, a friend or a family member to come with you. Sometimes, simply having someone beside you can make the appointment feel less daunting.
You can also tell the nurse if you’re anxious or have questions. They’re used to supporting parents through these appointments, so there’s no need to pretend you’re completely comfortable if you aren’t. If you have concerns about your baby’s health that day, mention them before the vaccines are given.
What happens during the appointment?
The nurse will check which vaccinations your child is due and explain what they’ll be given. The injections themselves are usually very quick, although your baby may cry as the needle goes in or shortly afterwards.
Crying is a completely normal response to the discomfort and unfamiliar experience. It can be upsetting to hear your baby cry, particularly when they’re so small, but you haven’t done anything wrong.
Holding your baby close, speaking gently and offering a breastfeed or bottle can help them feel safe and supported. If you’re breastfeeding, you can ask the nurse whether feeding during the appointment is suitable, as this can comfort some babies.
What should I expect afterwards?
Most babies have no significant reaction after vaccination, although some may be unsettled for a little while. You might notice redness, swelling or tenderness where the injection was given, a raised temperature, irritability or changes in their sleep and feeding.
These reactions are generally mild and improve within a day or two, although a small area of redness or swelling can last for a few days.
Fever is more common after the MenB vaccinations usually given at 8 and 12 weeks, so infant paracetamol is recommended after these appointments, with the usual guidance being three doses of 2.5ml of infant paracetamol suspension. Give the first dose as soon as possible after vaccination, followed by the next two doses four to six hours apart. Your nurse should explain the instructions, and you can read the UKHSA guidance on paracetamol after MenB vaccination or ask a pharmacist if you’re unsure.
Extra feeds, cuddles and opportunities to rest can help your baby feel more comfortable. Keep an eye on their feeding and wet nappies, and avoid dressing them in too many layers if they have a temperature.
Some reactions happen later rather than straight away. After the MMRV vaccine, for example, fever or a rash may develop around a week or more after vaccination. If you’re unsure whether a symptom is an expected reaction or something else, seek advice rather than assuming it must be caused by the vaccine.
When should I seek medical advice?
Seek urgent medical advice if your baby is under three months old and has a temperature of 38°C or higher, or if they’re between three and six months old and have a temperature of 39°C or higher. You should also contact your GP or NHS 111 if your baby isn’t feeding as usual, has noticeably fewer wet nappies, remains unusually unsettled or seems increasingly unwell.
Call 999 if your child has difficulty breathing, becomes unresponsive or develops signs of a severe allergic reaction. These reactions are rare, and vaccination teams are trained to recognise and treat them.
If your child has a seizure or you’re seriously concerned about their condition, seek emergency medical help. Trust your instincts if something doesn’t feel right, even if you can’t explain exactly what’s worrying you.
Looking after yourself and your baby afterwards
If you can, keep the rest of the day flexible, especially after your baby’s early vaccinations. They may want to feed more often, sleep differently or spend extra time being held, so follow their cues and give them plenty of cuddles and opportunities to rest. Some babies return to their usual selves quite quickly, while others need a little more comfort over the next couple of days.
And remember to be kind to yourself, too. Watching your baby cry or knowing they may feel uncomfortable afterwards can be difficult, even when you understand why vaccination is important. If you feel tearful or find the appointment stays on your mind, don’t judge yourself for it. You’re making decisions on behalf of someone who depends on you completely, and it’s natural to want to protect them from anything unpleasant.
Give yourself and your baby time to settle, and remember that asking questions or accepting support is part of caring for you both.
Useful links:
